La nomenclatura binominal I

La nomenclatura binomial es un convenido estándar usado para denominar los diferentes tipos de organismos (vivos o extintos).
Se denomina binomial debido a que se usan dos palabras para determinar al individuo: la primera, el nombre del género; y la segunda, un epíteto latino. Con esto, una especie queda identificada, como si tuviera "nombre y apellido".

La historia de la nomenclatura binomial se asocia directamente a su creador, Carl Von Linneo, quien intentó dar nombre a toda clase de cosa u objeto conocido.   

El nombre del género es compartido con otras especies próximas (Homo Sapiens, Homo Antecessor); y el descriptor específico puede abarcar diferentes temas, como la botánica o la zóologia (Verbena Officinalis, Lavandula Officinalis). Lo que designa entonces a una especie es la suma de estas dos caracerísticas: Género+Descriptor, como en el caso de Homo Erectus, cuyo significado es "Hombre de Java", lugar donde habitaba. Hay que dejar claro que nunca se puede usar el descriptor específico como una palabra sola, debido a que cuando actúa sin el género, pierde completamente su significado, como en el egemplo del Homo Sapiens, ya que la palabra Sapiens sola no tiene ningún significado.

                                                                                                           
Pablo Díaz.

                                                                                   

80 comentarios:

jose manuel dijo...

¿Nos estamos refiriendo al mismo concepto con el uso del término "epíteto latino" y "descriptor específico"? En caso afirmativo, ¿podrías explicar en que está basada su utilización?

4a dijo...

cuando pones Genero+Descriptor... ¿que quieres decir con descriptor?

santi

4a dijo...

Antes de que surgiese este tipo de nomenclatura ¿Cómo se denominaban a las nuevas especies que surgían?

José Llópiz y Dulce

4a dijo...

¿A que es debido que el adjetivo se coloque detras del nombre?

4a dijo...

¿Es por alñgún tipo de criterio científico o sólo se basa su utilización de esta manera en el uso adecuado y estético de la lengua?

Gonzo

4a dijo...

Para gonzo: ¿a qué te refieres con si es por algún tipo de criterio científico? aclarame un poco mmás la pregunta, gracias

Pablo

4a dijo...

en respuesta al 4a: es debido simplemente a seguir un orden lógico, igual que el del habla habitual, tu dices coche rojo, no rojo coche, simplemente por eso
gracias.

Pablo

4a dijo...

Para jose manuel: se diferencian, sí, en que un epíteto latino es una palabra o una frase descriptiva que se han convertido en un fórmula fijo, es decir, algo que se usa como partón para algo, como denominar una especie, en este caso, mientras que un descriptor específico es un término general para la palabra que identifica la especie, no se usa universalmente para definir a la especie. Espero haber aclarado tus dudas.
gracias

Pablo

4a dijo...

Para Santi: pues como le acabo de explicar a Jose Manuel, con descriptor me refiero a un término general para la palabra que identifica la especie, algo con lo que poder llamar a la especie, pero no para un término general, sería como un apodo.
Gracias

Pablo

4a dijo...

Para José y Dulce: Pues antes de la nomenclatura binomial, existía, sí, pero de una forma no recopilada hasta la creación de ésta, y de formas diversas, aunque por más que busco no encuentro cuales son las formas, cuando las encuentre, no dudaré en comunicároslo, gracias

Pablo

Unknown dijo...

le falta mas argumento y deberia estar por conceptos

Unknown dijo...

genial linneo fue un gran hombre

Unknown dijo...

¿a qué te refieres con si es por algún tipo de criterio científico? aclarame un poco mmás la pregunta, gracias
yulimaciel

Recetas_2020 dijo...

podria decirme cuales son los descubrimientos de carl von linne

Unknown dijo...

creador de la taxonomia
dio su nombre a las partes de la flor
describio miles de plantas y especies

Recetas_2020 dijo...

Gracias coronell no lo había visto : )

Anónimo dijo...

si ofender...!! no Mames.. xD
te falto.. /U.u

Anónimo dijo...

si ofender...!! no Mames.. xD
te falto.. /U.u

Unknown dijo...
Este comentario ha sido eliminado por el autor.
Anónimo dijo...

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Anónimo dijo...

jaja no ames!!!!!!!!!!! no encontre lo que necesitaba :( XD

Anónimo dijo...

qiero decir que no mamesss!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! y que no encontre lo que necesitaba xfa investiga masss tontin :( XD tontoooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo na mentira no eres tonto

Unknown dijo...

¿ Qué es la nomenclatura binomial y cuáles son las pautas fundamentales ?

santiagopino dijo...

mal blog

Unknown dijo...

gracias

day dijo...

en ue cfiterios de clasificacion se basa ???

Unknown dijo...

cuantos epitetos ?

La Cámara de los Secretos dijo...

Descriptor es la especie ejemplo: Homo(género) sapiens(descriptor)

Anónimo dijo...

todos los que hacen estos sitios son unos virgardens......

Anónimo dijo...

todos los que hacen estos sitios son unos virgardens......

Unknown dijo...

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Unknown dijo...

Que porquería no dice nada

Unknown dijo...

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Unknown dijo...

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Laila_ dijo...

Para todos lo que teniais dudas aqui teneis otro texto:

Carl von Linné (1707-1778). Científico sueco que sentó las bases de la taxonomía moderna. Es considerado uno de los padres de la ecología. Su temprano interés por las plantas hizo que a la edad de ocho años se le conociera ya por el apodo del Pequeño Botánico, si bien compaginó esta vocación con los estudios de medicina, que cursó en las universidades de Lundt y Uppsala.

En 1738 se estableció en esta última ciudad como médico privado y como profesor de medicina en su universidad (1741). Además de realizar expediciones botánicas a Laponia, por cuenta de la Academia de Ciencias de Uppsala, amplió sus estudios de medicina en los Países Bajos, y recorrió otros países europeos, como Gran Bretaña y Francia. Fue catedrático de botánica en la Universidad de Uppsala (1742).

Considerado el creador de la clasificación de los seres vivos o taxonomía, desarrolló un sistema de nomenclatura binomial (1731) que se convertiría en clásico, basado en la utilización de un primer término, escrito en letras mayúsculas, indicativo del género y una segunda palabra, correspondiente al nombre específico de la especie descrita, escrita en letra minúscula.

Por otro lado, agrupó los géneros en familias, las familias en clases, las clases en tipos (filo) y los tipos en reinos. Con anterioridad a sus trabajos habían existido ya intentos de introducir cierto orden en la aparente confusión que supone la ingente proliferación de seres vivos. El primero que trató de establecer una clasificación fue J.-P. de Tournefort (1656-1708) mediante la introducción de un sistema clasificatorio natural basado en la «realidad objetiva de las especies, los géneros y las clases».

Casi simultáneamente John Ray redactó una obra monumental, Historia plantarum generalis (1686-1704), en la que intentó distribuir de una manera racional las plantas y definir con precisión, básicamente, la noción de especie a través del establecimiento de sus relaciones con una comunidad de origen.

Los trabajos de Tournefort y Ray tuvieron continuidad en las investigaciones iniciales de Linné en el campo de la botánica, que se centraron en el estudio de los estambres y los pistilos, y que le indujo a pensar que podría introducir una nueva y mejor clasificación de las plantas, basada en el estudio de su aparato reproductor (sistema sexual).

La llamada clasificación binaria le permitió clasificar más de 8.000 especies animales y 6.000 vegetales. Así mismo, fue el primer científico que utilizó los símbolos del escudo y la lanza de Marte y el espejo de Venus para indicar, respectivamente, macho y hembra. Sus trabajos le valieron la concesión de un título nobiliario en su país.

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